When attending the deliberations of the Hubei delegation, the General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to weave a tight and dense public health protection net. In this year's government work reported on the emergency management work, it was clearly put forward as follows: “We will intensify the responsibility for safety production. We will strengthen the prevention of floods, fires, earthquakes and other disasters, provide good meteorological services, enhance our capacity for emergency rescue, and improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. We will carry out a special rectification campaign for production safety. We will resolutely prevent the occurrence of major and critical accidents. It clarifies the focus point and reform direction for the construction of China’s future emergency management system.
The construction of emergency management system should take the big test of the epidemic as an opportunity to learn lessons, sum up experience, make use of institutional advantage, make up shortcomings and strength weakness continuously, improve accuracy, weave a dense safety net, guard security bottom line, improve safe toughness of the emergency management system, and promote China's modernization of emergency management system and emergency management ability in accordance with new circumstances and new requirements.
Construction of emergency management system based on safety resilience
Safety resilience is the frontier concept of the current public safety science, covering the entire process of emergency management. It emphasizes the ability of urban systems and regions to realize the normal operation of public security, social order and economic construction through reasonable preparation, buffering and response to uncertain disturbances.
Under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the international and domestic communities have fully exposed the lack of safety resilience in the emergency management system and the ability to withstand major emergencies, such as the extreme shortage of epidemic prevention supplies, running on medical resources, and difficulties in patient admission and treatment. In order to further improve China's emergency management system and promote the modernization of emergency management capacity, we should attach great importance to the application of the management concept and methods of safety resilience to the construction of emergency management system and the practice of emergency management, and strengthen the top-level design and system planning.
In the planning of urban emergency system, in addition to the layout of regular emergency infrastructure such as the emergency shelters and designated hospitals, we also should configure regular emergency infrastructure such as mobile field hospitals, mobile tent hospitals, mobile vehicle hospitals, rescue helicopters and so on. In circumstances of the lack of cure capability because of major emergencies, we should bring into the play of the mobile emergency rescue facilities to make sure the safety resilience of emergency management system. We will strengthen the economic resilience of industrial and supply chains to withstand shocks, ensuring that we can rapidly increase production and turn over needed supplies, reduce disaster losses, and provide material support for disaster relief in the major emergency.
The construction of crisscross and seamless system
To sum up the experience of joint prevention and control of the epidemic, and give full play to the advantages of the institution, the seamless emergency management system should be built from the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Under the overall framework of adhering to the principle of one chess game in the whole country, an emergency management network combining vertical and horizontal elements should be built, and various measures should be taken to build a tight emergency management network and a seamless emergency management system.
In the vertical dimension, the successful experience should be timely summarized to ensure the smooth implementation of government orders from the central government to provinces, cities, counties, communities and villages from mechanism design. Special attention should be paid to consolidate the foundation of local emergency management, so as to make resources sink and power fall, but local authorities should also avoid over-correction.
In the horizontal dimension, we should summarize the experience of the support policy--”a province helps a city”, strengthen the cross-regional, cross-sectoral, interdisciplinary collaboration, build an emergency management coordination system between provinces, cities, regions, and counties. We should establish cross-sectoral emergency cooperation mechanism such as building emergency departments, health departments, economy and information departments, business departments and network departments.
Strengthen the institutional resilience of the emergency management system
To promote national modernization level management system and management ability rapidly in the face of a new type of major events appearing constantly, we should continue to strengthen the inherent self-perfection and constant innovation system of toughness of our country’s socialist system, adhere to the people as the center, closely rely on people’s wisdom to solve the new problems appeared in the emergency management, make full use of think-tank experts, scholars, intellectual resources to enhance the level of major emergency decision-making.
It all reflects the institutional advantages of the combination between experts, scholars and government decision-making system through the formulation of the one province packs a city policy and construction of mobile cabin hospital, which greatly enhances the scientificity of our country’s preventing epidemic decision. It reversed the chaos of the epidemic quickly in the early days, promotes the process of China's resistance to disease effectively and reflected the self-improvement and innovation of the emergency management system in our country again.
Moving forward gate to improve the resilience of the emergency management system
Move forward the threshold of emergency management, reform the system of preventing major security risks, improve the direct reporting and early warning systems for major emergencies, and enhance our ability to monitor and give early warning. We will continue to release information timely, with the transparent manner, and ensure that the basic facts, circumstances and methods of major risks are clearly identified, so as to truly solve problems at the beginning of emergency, and prevent them to become serious.
We should make full use of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other advanced technological means to monitor the whole internet information which is multiple, heterogeneous and huge. We should detect, analysis and deal with disasters, epidemic and public opinions timely. Folk professionals should play the role of early warning, as the important supplement of normal major incident early warning system, they can further improve the resilience of the important emergency warning system in our country.
Improve the resilience of infrastructure in combination with new infrastructure
New technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing will play an increasingly important role in major emergency prevention, response and post-disaster recovery. New forms of online services, such as e-commerce, takeout, contactless delivery and online education, as well as new technologies such as patient artificial intelligence screening, diagnosis and health code, have all played a vital role in the epidemic prevention and problems’ control. In line with the new infrastructure development goals set out in the government work report, such as expanding 5G application, we should develop industrial Internet, comprehensively advance Internet Plus, create new advantages in the digital economy, use and develop new technologies, and improve the resilience of the infrastructure of the emergency management system for major emergencies.
Attach importance to grassroots governance to improve community safety resilience
Community is the most basic-level organization for emergency management and plays the role of battle fortress. The level of community safety resilience often plays a decisive role in the prevention and control of major emergencies. The community has played a huge role in preventing and controlling the epidemic. We should further strengthen systematic, structured, refined and standardized management system of community and enrich the community staff, volunteers, grid management and community residents backbone of risk management team to construct the transverse to the edge, the longitudinal exactly zone spreading into seamless network which formed in longitudinal and transverse synergy with strong security resilience of community governance system.
Leverage the strength of civil society to enhance security resilience
Civil society has played an important role in every major emergency and is an important part of the seamless emergency management system. Enterprises and institutions, volunteers, the public and other social sectors should be actively encouraged to participate in the construction of the emergency management system. Carrying out multi-field cooperation, and building an emergency management organization system led by the government, with the cooperation of the government departments and effective participation of social forces to improve the safety and resilience of the emergency management system. In particular, civil society forces should be strengthened to participate in daily emergency drills in order to avoid the chaos of emergency management system caused by the lack of cooperation at the early stage of major emergencies.
Source: Xuexi.cn Author：Zhao Laijun